Lesson 3: World Regions and Inequalities

The "Global North" and "Global South" refer broadly to wealthy, industrialized countries (mostly in Europe, North America, parts of East Asia) versus developing countries (Latin America, Africa, much of Asia). These terms highlight global inequalities: North countries generally have higher incomes, better infrastructure, and more influence, while South countries may struggle with poverty or debt. The Philippines is often considered part of the Global South. This divide shows up in life expectancy, education, and economic output. For example, average income per person is much higher in countries like the United States than in the Philippines. Recognizing this divide helps explain why developing countries seek fairer trade and aid, and why issues like climate change are debated (as richer countries historically emitted more carbon).

Countries often group into regions for cooperation. Regionalism means working together on common interests. For instance, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) helps the Philippines and neighbors coordinate trade, environmental policies, and security. Another example is the European Union (EU), a bloc with a single market and travel zone. The Philippines also participates in Asia-Pacific forums like APEC. Regional ties can boost local economies: tourism among ASEAN countries or shared development projects. However, they can also create new competition or political obligations. Understanding regions means knowing how geography and culture shape partnerships. In Asia, ASEAN promotes Filipino products and also involves the Philippines in negotiations like the South China Sea disputes.