Lesson 5: Data Collection and Analysis

The population is the entire group you want to study (for example, all BSIT students in your university). A sample is a smaller group selected from the population. Common sampling methods include simple random sampling (everyone has an equal chance), stratified sampling (divide population into subgroups like year level, then sample each), and convenience sampling (using whoever is available). The sample should represent the population well. When collecting data, use methods like surveys, interviews, or observations. For a survey, write clear questions and decide on an appropriate scale. It's good practice to pilot-test your questionnaire on a few people to make sure questions are understood.

Design your data collection tools carefully. For example, a questionnaire might include multiple-choice, yes/no, or rating-scale questions (such as Likert scales). Open-ended questions let respondents answer in their own words but are harder to analyze. Ensure each question is clear and not leading. Check that your instrument is valid (it measures what you intend to measure) and reliable (it would give similar results if repeated). For instance, if asking about "internet speed," make sure all respondents understand what speed ranges or terms you mean. Plan how you will distribute the instrument (paper, online, interview) and how to record the responses.